Basic definition
Automatic control systems (automatic control systems) are control systems that allow the production process or other processes to be carried out according to a desired or predetermined procedure without the direct involvement of the person. Automatic control systems are the primary means of achieving automation.
Referred to as the automatic control system.
Composition of automatic control system
The automatic control system mainly consists of four parts: controller, controlled object, actuator and transmitter.
Classification
There are several classification methods for automatic control systems. According to different control principles, automatic control systems are divided into open-loop control systems and closed-loop control systems.
Open loop control system
In the open-loop control system, the system output is only controlled by the input, and the control accuracy and the characteristics of suppressing interference are relatively poor. In the open-loop control system, a logic control based on timing is called a sequential control system; it consists of a sequence control device, a detection component, an actuator, and a controlled industrial object. Mainly used in the control of machinery, chemicals, material handling and transportation processes, as well as robots and production automation lines.
Closed loop control system
The closed-loop control system is based on the feedback principle. By using the deviation of the output from the expected value, the system can be controlled to obtain better control performance. The closed loop control system is also called the feedback control system. According to the classification of given signals, the automatic control system can be divided into constant value control system, follow-up control system and program control system.
Constant value control system
The set value is constant, and the system output is required to approach the system with the desired value with a certain precision. For example, the automatic control system such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, liquid level and motor speed in the production process belongs to a constant value system.
Follow-up control system
The given value changes as a function of the unknown time, requiring the output to follow the change in the given value. Such as the radar antenna system that follows the satellite.
Program control system
The given value changes as a function of time. Such as program-controlled machine tools.
Wide range of applications
Automatic control systems have been widely used in various fields of human society. In the industrial aspect, there are corresponding control systems for various physical quantities encountered in metallurgical, chemical, mechanical manufacturing and other production processes, including temperature, flow, pressure, thickness, tension, speed, position, frequency, phase, and so on. On this basis, digital control systems with better control performance and higher automation, as well as process control systems with dual functions of control and management, have been established through the use of digital computers. Applications in agriculture include automatic water level control systems, automated operating systems for agricultural machinery, and more. In military technology, examples of automatic control applications include various types of servo systems, fire control systems, guidance and control systems. In aerospace, aviation and navigation, in addition to various forms of control systems, the field of application includes navigation systems, remote control systems and various simulators. In addition, in the field of office automation, library management, traffic management and even daily housekeeping, automatic control technology also has practical applications. With the development of control theory and control technology, the application field of automatic control system is still expanding, involving almost all fields of biology, medicine, ecology, economy and society.
Automatic control systems (automatic control systems) are control systems that allow the production process or other processes to be carried out according to a desired or predetermined procedure without the direct involvement of the person. Automatic control systems are the primary means of achieving automation.
Referred to as the automatic control system.
Composition of automatic control system
The automatic control system mainly consists of four parts: controller, controlled object, actuator and transmitter.
Classification
There are several classification methods for automatic control systems. According to different control principles, automatic control systems are divided into open-loop control systems and closed-loop control systems.
Open loop control system
In the open-loop control system, the system output is only controlled by the input, and the control accuracy and the characteristics of suppressing interference are relatively poor. In the open-loop control system, a logic control based on timing is called a sequential control system; it consists of a sequence control device, a detection component, an actuator, and a controlled industrial object. Mainly used in the control of machinery, chemicals, material handling and transportation processes, as well as robots and production automation lines.
Closed loop control system
The closed-loop control system is based on the feedback principle. By using the deviation of the output from the expected value, the system can be controlled to obtain better control performance. The closed loop control system is also called the feedback control system. According to the classification of given signals, the automatic control system can be divided into constant value control system, follow-up control system and program control system.
Constant value control system
The set value is constant, and the system output is required to approach the system with the desired value with a certain precision. For example, the automatic control system such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, liquid level and motor speed in the production process belongs to a constant value system.
Follow-up control system
The given value changes as a function of the unknown time, requiring the output to follow the change in the given value. Such as the radar antenna system that follows the satellite.
Program control system
The given value changes as a function of time. Such as program-controlled machine tools.
Wide range of applications
Automatic control systems have been widely used in various fields of human society. In the industrial aspect, there are corresponding control systems for various physical quantities encountered in metallurgical, chemical, mechanical manufacturing and other production processes, including temperature, flow, pressure, thickness, tension, speed, position, frequency, phase, and so on. On this basis, digital control systems with better control performance and higher automation, as well as process control systems with dual functions of control and management, have been established through the use of digital computers. Applications in agriculture include automatic water level control systems, automated operating systems for agricultural machinery, and more. In military technology, examples of automatic control applications include various types of servo systems, fire control systems, guidance and control systems. In aerospace, aviation and navigation, in addition to various forms of control systems, the field of application includes navigation systems, remote control systems and various simulators. In addition, in the field of office automation, library management, traffic management and even daily housekeeping, automatic control technology also has practical applications. With the development of control theory and control technology, the application field of automatic control system is still expanding, involving almost all fields of biology, medicine, ecology, economy and society.
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