The UAV system architecture includes: 1. Drone body; 2. Flight control system; 3. Data communication system; 4. Launch and recovery system.
The performance of drones depends to a large extent on the design of its flight control system. These properties include various flight performances (including takeoff and landing performance, operational flight performance), flight safety and reliability, flight monitoring, and system operation. Sexuality and maintainability, as well as the friendliness of human machine interface task settings. Drone flight control systems can usually be divided into two types: remote control and remote-autonomous hybrid. The onboard parts of the flight control system include: three-axis attitude stabilization and control systems, autonomous flight control and command systems, flight trajectory and navigation control systems, takeoff and precision landing (ship) flight control systems, and flight safety control systems. The ground part of the flight control system includes: flight control and command systems, flight monitoring and display systems, flight positioning systems, and flight automatic command systems. The ground flight control system is coupled to an overall system through a wireless data communication system. There are many ways to launch and recover drones. The launch methods include air launch, catapult take-off, roll-off take-off, slide take-off, take-off with take-off car, and so on. Recycling methods include parachute recovery, air recovery, and obstruction recovery.
1, to achieve high-resolution image acquisition
UAVs can achieve high-resolution image acquisition, while making up for the lack of imagery shortcomings that satellite remote sensing often suffers from cloud cover, it also solves the problems of traditional satellite remote-sensing revisit cycles that are too long and the emergency is not timely.
2, unmanned fighter
The UAV system consists of an aircraft platform system, an information acquisition system, and a ground control system. The initial generation was mainly based on reconnaissance aircraft. Some drones were equipped with weapons (for example, the RQ-1 Predator equipped with the AGM-114 Hellfire air-to-surface missile). The military preconceptions that drones assumed more roles were initially bombardment and ground attack, air-to-air combat, and the final area of ​​the pilot. Drones equipped with weapons are called unmanned fighter aircraft (UCAV).
3, launch and recovery
A new generation of drones can be launched and recovered from a variety of platforms, such as launches and recovery from ground vehicles, ships, aircraft, suborbital aircraft and satellites. Ground handlers can check their procedures through the computer and change the course of the drone as needed. Other more advanced technological equipment, such as advanced eavesdropping devices, radars that penetrate leaves, and micro-spectrometer devices that provide chemical capabilities, will also be installed on drones.
1) Express delivery
Due to the large number of highways built in China in the early years, the transportation is very developed, making express delivery on the land very convenient. However, for Europe, where regional division is complex and often requires transnational transportation, drones are the best way to transport goods. German DHL companies use drones to send supplies to sparsely populated islands. DHL transports it twice a day without severe weather disturbances, mainly transporting emergency supplies such as medicines and scarce commodities. The benefits of drone transportation materials are not only low cost, but also can accurately enter the house, eliminating the time spent by the courier searching for a specific address of the user. UAVs can also use GPS and video to locate their home address. Even in densely populated high-rise buildings, it is not a problem for drones to enter the home from the windows.
2) Disaster relief
Drones can also be used for disaster relief, such as transporting life preservers for the unfortunate drowning. Drones can also replace people into dangerous areas to find survivors, such as areas after the earthquake, or areas with a large number of radioactive elements, instead of humans to complete some dangerous things. Drones can also send food, medicines and other urgent supplies to remote disaster-hit areas in a timely manner and send relief supplies directly to people in need.
3) Anti-terrorism reconnaissance
For the counter-terrorism forces, the most daunting thing is that the “cold rifles†in the streets of the city and in the strange streets and buildings that are waiting in the streets can kill people at any time. To this end, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is developing a Lightweight, Fast, Autonomous (FLA) drone that can perform a comprehensive search of stairs, corridors, and obstacles in buildings. This intelligent autonomous drone is only insect-sized and can travel freely through a hole at a speed of 20m/s and travel freely in complex indoor rooms without relying on GPS assistance and manual manipulation with external communication equipment. .
1) Full equipment inspection before flight
Ground inspection: whether the ground communications and operating system (ground station) work properly;
Checking the environment: whether the surrounding environment is suitable for operation (do not fly in inclement weather, such as strong wind (wind speed 5 or above), snow, rain, foggy weather, etc.) and whether the landing site is reasonable (choose open, surrounding Sites without tall buildings act as flying sites. Buildings that use a lot of rebar will affect the work of the compass, and they will obstruct the 6PS signal, resulting in poor positioning of the aircraft or even the inability to locate the aircraft. There is no declaration in the airspace.
2) Make sure the device is fully charged
3) Before the flight, you should make a preliminary understanding of the topography and terrain of the flight area from Google Maps, and choose an open and unobstructed field for flying. Do not exceed safe flying height (relative height 120 meters)
4) The aircraft must fly within sight and keep control of the aircraft at all times
5) Flight with good 6PS signal
6) Comply with local laws and regulations (Do not fly in no-fly zones, such as near airports, around military bases, etc.) Inspect the aircraft before flying the drone: Check that the components are securely connected (check that the propeller and motor are installed correctly and securely. , And confirm that the positive and negative propellers are installed in the correct position. Do not close or touch the rotating motor or propeller when detecting, avoid being cut by the propeller, whether the wiring is safe, and whether the onboard equipment is working properly (remote control, battery, and All components have sufficient power supply.) Check on the remote control: Check the remote control control mode (U.S. hand, Japanese hand, Chinese hand, etc.), signal connection, whether the power is sufficient, whether the keys are reset, and the antenna position.
In the face of beautiful scenery, many aerial enthusiasts can not help immediately take off and start shooting, but keep in mind that not all areas are suitable for aerial photography. For example, airports, military garrisons (including exercise areas), special agencies, political centers, and super high-rises, television towers, and substations are prohibited from taking off by drones, not to mention aerial photography.
Flight details:
In addition to having a strong sense of flight safety, Flyman’s own psychological qualities, technical skills, and flight experience are also important factors in ensuring the safe take-off and landing of drones.
Do a detailed inspection work:
Operation during flight:
The drones are free to ride in the vast sky and are manipulated by enthusiasts to create various image creations. However, please remember the following basic rules:
During the flight, please keep the aircraft in the line of sight, and do not operate the aircraft behind obstacles, otherwise the aircraft may get out of control;
Please fly within safe altitude:
Keep control of the aircraft:
Please keep control of the aircraft at all times, especially when the aircraft maintains a certain speed, do not leave the remote control with both hands.
Emergency response measures:
The sky is vast, but it may also be caused by various external and human factors.
If the video signal is not good, if the aircraft is still in the remote control range, please observe the best antenna angle (do not point the aircraft antenna to the aircraft, then the signal effect is the worst), there is a building between the aircraft and the personnel , mountain shelters and other factors;
When the GPS becomes weak, it is necessary to observe whether there is any building around the aircraft, the shelter of the mountain and the number of searched satellites is reduced, please keep the aircraft away from the obstructers;
The magnetic compass was disturbed because the aircraft was close to ferromagnetic material. Please stay away from sources of interference.
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