ARM+DSP and AVR are examples of modern CPU design. From a modern perspective, they are very advanced designs. The most important thing is to absorb the problems revealed by the C51 system. Based on the original series, it has high performance, high speed and even lower power consumption. This paper only compares and expounds the characteristics of ARM+DSP, AVR and C51 microcontrollers from different aspects.
1 Introduction of single chip microcomputer
Single-Chip Micmprocessor is an important branch of Microcomputer (Microcomputer). A single-chip microcomputer is referred to as a single-chip microcomputer, and is particularly suitable for use in the field of industrial control, and is therefore also called a microcontroller (Microcontroller). Its small size, light weight and low price make it convenient for learning, application and development. As the core component of the control part, MCU is widely used in automobiles, infrared monitoring equipment, various electronic toys, various alarm devices, various military and aerospace products.
2 ARM+DSP advantages
2.1 Advantages of ARM Microcontrollers and Advantages of ARM Processors
2.2.1 Advantages of ARM microcontrollers using RISC architecture
(1) small size, low power consumption, low cost, high performance; (2) support for Thumb (16-bit) / ARM (32-bit) dual instruction set, can be well compatible with 8-bit / 16-bit devices; (3) Using a large number of registers, the instruction execution speed is faster; (4) most data operations are done in registers; (5) the addressing mode is flexible and simple, and the execution efficiency is high; (6) the instruction length is fixed.
2.2.2 Advantages of the ARM processor
ARM is a well-known enterprise in the microprocessor industry, designing a large number of high-performance, low-cost, low-power RISC processors, related technologies and software. ARM architecture is the first RISC microprocessor designed for low-budget market. It is the industry standard for 32-bit microcontrollers. It provides a series of core, system expansion, microprocessor and system chip solutions. Four functional modules are available to manufacturers. Configure production according to the requirements of different users. Since all products use a common software system, the same software runs in all products. ARM currently accounts for more than 90% of the handheld device market, effectively reducing application development and testing time and reducing development costs. Its advantages are: (1) high performance, low power consumption, low price; (2) rich optional chips; (3) extensive third-party support; (4) complete product line and development planning.
2.2 Advantages of DSP
DSP (digital singnal processor) is a unique microprocessor that processes digital information with digital signals. The working principle is to receive the analog signal, convert it to a digital signal of 0 or 1, and then modify, delete, and strengthen the digital signal, and interpret the digital data back to the analog data or the actual environment format in other system chips. Not only is it programmable, but it can run tens of millions of complex instructions per second in real time, far surpassing general-purpose microprocessors, and is an important computer chip in the digital electronics world. Its powerful data processing capabilities and high operating speed are two of the most commendable features. The DSP chip, also known as the digital signal processor, is a microprocessor that is particularly suitable for digital signal processing operations. Its main application is to implement various digital signal processing algorithms in real time and quickly.
The advantages of DSP are programmable, easy to modify, good stability, good repeatability, good anti-interference performance, large tolerance between 0/1 levels, adaptive algorithm, system characteristics change with input signal changes The power consumption is small, the system development is fast, and the price is low. According to the requirements of digital signal processing, the DSP chip generally has the following characteristics: (1) completing one multiplication and one addition in one instruction cycle; (2) separating the program and data space, and simultaneously accessing instructions and data; (3) on-chip Fast RAM, usually accessible in two blocks over a separate data bus; (4) hardware support with low or no overhead loops and jumps; (5) fast interrupt handling and hardware I/O support; 6) having a plurality of hardware address generators operating in a single cycle; (7) performing multiple operations in parallel; (8) supporting pipeline operations such that operations such as fetching, decoding, and execution can be performed in an overlapping manner. Of course, other general-purpose functions of the DSP chip are relatively weak compared to general-purpose microprocessors.
3 Advantages of AVR
A high-speed 8-bit microcontroller using the RISC reduced instruction set, referred to as AVR. Compared with other 8-Bit MCUs, AVR 8-Bit MCUs have the most features: (1) Harvard architecture with 1MIPS/MHz high-speed processing capability; (2) Super-function reduced instruction set (RISC) with 32 The general working register overcomes the bottleneck caused by the 8051 MCU processing with a single ACC; (3) The fast access register group and the single-cycle instruction system greatly optimize the size and execution efficiency of the target code, and some models have very large FLASH. It is especially suitable for development using high-level languages; (4) It is the same as HI/LOW of PIC when outputting, and can output 40mA (single output). It can be set as a three-state high-impedance input or with pull-up resistor input for input. 10 mA ~ 20 mA sink current capability; (5) integrated RC oscillator with multiple frequencies on-chip, power-on automatic reset, watchdog, start delay, etc. The peripheral circuit is simpler and the system is more stable and reliable; 6) Most AVRs are rich in resources: E2PROM, PWM, RTC, SPI, UART, TWI, ISP, AD, Analog Comparator, WDT, etc.; (7) Most AVRs have IAP function in addition to ISP function, which is convenient. Upgrade or destroy.
The advantages of AVR are: (1) easy to learn, low cost; (2) high speed, low consumption, and confidentiality; (3) strong L/O port function, with A/D conversion circuit; (4) powerful timing / calculator and communication interface.
4 advantages of C51
(1) It has a complete bit-wise operating system, called a bit processor or a Boolean processor, from internal hardware to software. Its processing object is not a word or a byte but a bit, which means that it can not only Some bits of some special function registers in the chip are processed; (2) The C51 MCU also opens up a dual-function address range in the on-chip RAM area, which can be used for byte processing or bit processing. Flexible and convenient; (3) The advantages are multiplication and division instructions, which brings convenience to programming.
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