The rapid development of electric vehicles in the past two years and the government's subsidy policy have been questioned by many people. This week, in the group, President Zhu forwarded a friend from Toyota: "
To replace the gasoline vehicle itself, the electric vehicle must meet the following conditions:
1, battery technology to achieve a major breakthrough in the short term, in terms of cost, weight, life and charging time to achieve the ability to compete with gasoline vehicles
2. The world oil supply has encountered major difficulties
3, gasoline engine cars stop in the environmental protection and energy saving
4, other solutions, such as fuel cell vehicle technology, no breakthrough
Then look at the first article, how many years is the world countries ready to achieve battery cost capacity Dafu upgrade? At the same time, on the basis of low cost, can still achieve 500 minutes of charging in 3 minutes? Looking at the second one, the current reality is that the world's oil reserves are seriously underestimated, and oil demand may not continue to soar in the future; look at the third, not to mention the same Toyota hybrid, is pure gasoline engine The thermal efficiency and emissions are all going up a new step in 3 years. If it is mixed, pure electric cars have no necessary value; the last one, fuel cell vehicle technology is still not mature, even so, its current cost is lower than pure electric cars. In other words, the electric car does its best to defeat the fuel cell vehicle that has just been launched. Therefore, gasoline vehicles will not be replaced in the short term. If you must find a replacement, you will not be able to take a pure tram. â€
According to this view of this friend of Toyota, are we really going the wrong way? Is the direction encouraged by the government and the big brothers who are doing a lot in the wave of electric cars? Are they doing nothing?
First of all, the old generation talked about why the government should promote the development of the electric vehicle industry when the government is temporarily not economic in the electric vehicle industry.
The first is the international pressure on China's carbon emissions: The following picture shows the growth trend of CO2 emissions in various countries from 1990 to 2030:
After 2006, China has ranked first in the world in terms of carbon dioxide emissions in a single year, and its emissions have accounted for one-fourth of the world's total emissions. If left unchecked, the world will have to finish. Therefore, the Chinese government has repeatedly promised that by 2030, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be 60%-65% lower than that of 2005, and the two alternatives, namely, the replacement of new energy sources on the power generation side and the replacement of electricity on the electricity side are the real solutions to this problem. The ultimate road, transportation electrification After the popularization of electric bicycles and electric locomotives, automobile electrification is an inevitable trend of CO2 emission reduction.
The second is the pressure to control pollution: I believe that everyone is no stranger to this picture below:
Our economic development has experienced the old road of pollution control. In 2013, serious smog pollution swept through many important areas in China, covering a total area of ​​1.6 million square kilometers. Many provinces and cities frequently issued smog red warnings, and the air quality reached the “highest level†in the six-level serious pollution. Health and life have had a serious impact, including economic impact, and we have German friends who canceled the meeting because of smog. According to the pollution source detection data of Beijing Environmental Protection Department:
We found that the largest piece was emissions from motor vehicles, accounting for 31.1%. However, most people do the most complaints and complaints, 3M masks bought a bunch, the home air purifiers have been added several, the car is still open, continue to mutual harm mode. This time the people seem to have a problem. While complaining about the government, they should reflect on what they are doing to reduce air pollution. In addition, for the 22.4% coal burning in the pollution source, Beijing issued the “Opinions on Improving the Relevant Policies of “Coal to Electricity†and “Coal to Gas†in Beijing Rural Areas. The Opinions pointed out that this year’s Beijing city peak The subsidy policy for valley electricity prices will be unified. Residents of “coal to electricity†in rural areas can also enjoy the same subsidies as urban areas. The municipal, district and county governments will each subsidize 0.1 yuan/kWh, so that residents will be in the heating season. It costs only 1 cent per kilowatt hour. It seems that for this policy, the old generation sees less doubts. It may be that the briquettes factory does not have the same influence as the automobile factory. One thing to understand: blue sky and white clouds are paying a price. To suck the air, electric vehicles are currently no way.
Characteristic and performance analysis of main parts of generator
Stator:
Stator consists of base, stator core and stator windings.
The base is welded by steel plate, the structure is light and sturdy, and the base is divided into many air inlet and outlet zones in the axial direction;
Stator coil:
It is stacked by strands of copper wire covered by polyester glass fiber, with half-unit type and basket shaped structure (parts of stator coils use transposition structure). The insulation grade of the stator coil is F grade. The stator coil is shaped by continuous wrapping and mould pressing with mica tapes. The coil end is firmly tied up to the support and the bundling ring with unidirectional tapes or dacron-glass ropes thus the turbo-generator unit became highly resistant towards sudden short-circuit conditions.
Stator core:
Stator core is punched and stacked by cold rolled non-oriented, high permeability, low loss high-quality silicon steel sheet, both sides of the silicon steel sheet are coated with a solid insulating film to prevent short-circuit between the stator core pieces to reduce eddy current loss.
Rotor:
The rotor is composed of shaft, coil, center ring, shroud ring and fan ring etc. The rotor coil is made of cold-drawn flat copper wires, and processed by oxygen-free annealing. The rotor coil of generator with 50MW and above is welded together by silver-bearing cold-drawn copper wires and adopts F grade insulation.
The shroud ring at rotor coil end is made of non-magnetic steel. Both ends of the rotor are equipped with centrifugal fan or axial flow fan with paddle fan blade which is forged by high-strength aluminum alloy.
Rotor machining:
The generator shaft is forged from an integral high-quality alloy steel and has an axial groove formed thereon for fitting a rotor coil and an air groove or a crescent groove is made in the large tooth to enhance the cooling of the main body and the coil end. The slots are processed by special machine for generator rotor processing, Tacchi high precision horizontal slotting and milling machine made in Italy, to ensure the high efficiency of generator.
The generator rotor must be subjected to high-speed dynamic balancing experiment and dynamic impedance experiment before delivery to verify the mechanical strength of the rotor and ensure excellent inter-turn insulation of the rotor windings.
(2)Model
Mainly produce the following model steam turbine generator and the specifications are as follows:
Voltage(KV) Frequency(HZ) Power(MW)
2 poles steam turbine generator 6.3-3.8 50 3-60
6.6-13.8 60
4 poles steam turbine generator 0.4/0.69 6.3/6.6 10.5/11 50 0.5-30
0.4-11 60
QNP steam turbine generator uses closed-loop air self-circulation ventilation.
The rotors of turbo-generator under 50MW adopt indirect ventilation cooling method;
The rotors of 50MW and above turbo-generator is directly ventilated and cooled; an auxiliary groove is machined under the rotor winding trunking; air vents are machined on the rotor windings; with the action of the fan head and the centrifugal pressure head of the air vents, the rotor windings are directly cooled by air from the auxiliary groove and air vents.
(4)Excitation mode
QNP's steam turbine generator can adopt static silicon controlled type, two-pole AC brushless excitation and three-pole AC brushless excitation, three kinds of excitation mode.
(5)Insulation system
Adopt class F insulation materials and insulation structure, during the running time, assess the system according to class B insulation grade, meanwhile some margin has been kept.
(6)Design and acceptance criteria
Design, manufacture, inspection are carried out according to the relevant national standards, at the same time can meet the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC34-1 latest standards. According to customer`s requirements, QNP`s steam turbine generator can also be designed, manufactured and accepted according to ANSI, NEMA and other international standards.
(7)Technical Performance Analysis
1.Output margin
The series of steam turbine generator of QNP keeps 10% output margin.
2.Loss and efficiency
The steam turbine generator of QNP optimized the design and farthest minimized the additional loss and wind abrasion of generator under no-load and short-circuit condition, improved the efficiency of the generator, in general, QNP steam turbine generator`s efficiency is 0.2% higher than domestic similar models in this industry. It is higher than the national efficiency standard on the same capacity level. For example: QNP 15MW steam turbine generator`s efficiency value can reach 97.65%, and the national standard value is 97%.
3.Running reliability
QNP's steam turbine generator adopts advanced manufacturing technology, especially the rotor`s overspeed test uses high-speed dynamic balancer, rotor`s balance precision has been greatly improved, and the rotor`s vibration value is decreased. So that the steam turbine generator`s running availability factor has been improved, and the unit`s forced outage rate is decreased. At present, the availability factor of the steam turbine generator can reach about 99%, and the forced outage rate fell to 0.04% to 0.4%. Overhaul interval is up to 5 years. And the unit life can reach to 35 to 40 years.
Model meaning
QFWD-3-2A
QF Steam turbine generator
W W means brushless, without W means static silicon controlled
D D means double support, without B means single support
3 Rated power
2 2 means two poles and means the rated rotation speed is 3000 r/min
4 means four poles and means the rated rotation speed is 1500 r/min
A means the design serial number: A.B.C.D
Steam Turbine Generator,Biomass Generating,Biomass Generation,Biomass Power Generation
Shandong Qingneng Power Co., Ltd. , https://www.steamturbine.be